This is a collection of recent revisionist essays by Spanish historians on the economic and social history of seventeenth-century Castile. The major areas of current historiographical interest and debate are covered: demography, agriculture, pastoralism, the Indies trade, industrial decline, de-urbanization, taxation and the fiscal system, re-segneurialization, and the politics of redistribution. Developments in Castile are also related to the issue of the general crisis of the European economy in the seventeenth century.