Subtitled 'Scale, resolution and explanation in Tasmanian Pleistocene human behaviour'. This monograph examines prior notions of the uniform behaviour of late Pleistocene humans nad concludes that the archaeological data from Southwest Tasmania challenge this received view. The notion is examined by a detailed comparative analysis of two cave sites located in south central Tasmania. The results from these two sites clearly indicate a strong archaeological dichotomy between the two closely related geographic locations. in the absence of ethnographic, archaeological and/or theoretical behavioural models to investigate this dichotomy further, a palaeoecological framework is advanced to examine the bases for this variability.