The book aims at performing a detailed and multifaceted study to show the advantage of the adoption of territorial statistics, in particular local ones, at national and international levels to deal with the spatial analysis of locally articulated socio-economic processes. The book includes different stand-alone contributions connected to eachother with reference to the topic analyzed, adopted methodologies and statistical database. The study of local systems is performed by means of linear and nonlinear methodologies, using several statistical tools such as, exploratory, descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistics. Beside this computational aspect, a wide usage of geographic information and tools, are used, i.e., maps and geographic information systems have been made to unravel the territorial complexity and deepen the knowledge of the Italian economic geography and highlight territorial differences within a particular country and between different countries.