The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a crosscutting national vision for nanotechnology development in the United States. The Federal effort in nanotechnology coordinates U.S. investment in research and development (R&D) in nanoscale science, engineering, technology, and related activities across the U.S. Government. This book makes a number of recommendations in areas related to programmatic focus, program management, commercialization, measurements, and attention to environmental, health, and safety (EHS) concerns.