The environmental history of the past three decades has heightened awareness that the volume of water available in the Nile Basin is not sufficient to meet reliably the current levels of water demand, quite apart from rapidly growing needs. The environmental element of the complex matter of evaluating and managing the international water resource of the Nile is addressed in this volume. The book deals with the global and regional hydrology, examines the scope and emphasis of water resource planning in the Nile Basin over the past century and identifies future options. The material is intended to be relevant to environmental scientists, government officials and water resource professionals in both national and international agencies, as well as those concerned with the environment and hydraulic engineering in the academic community.