This short work is a collection of the unpublished notes on a planned dissertation on Kant's writings which Nietzsche started in 1868. He abandoned the project to work on Philology, but these notes were published by his estate in 1897, 1901 and in several other editions after that. "Die Teleologie seit Kant" is an analysis and criticism of Kant's rejection of the Naturalistic philosophers. At the end, he has a list of books still to read in order to finish the thesis, including Schopenhauer, Schelling, Maimon and Wundt. Some of these notes are original comments or thoughts he wanted to include in the dissertation, others are quotes he pulled from various works of Kant, and other scholarly analysis of Kant. He intended to compare and contrast Kant and Goethe's Panpsychism and Teleology, so he also analyses Goethe, particularly his natural science. He built out his most advanced thoughts on Teleology in his famous "Human, altogether to Human". He attempts to refute Kant's Teleological Cosmological arguments in his notes: "The elimination of teleology has a practical value. It is only a matter of rejecting the concept of a higher reason: then we are already satisfied. Appreciation of teleology in its value for the human world of ideas. Teleology, like optimism, is an aesthetic product.... the machine maintains itself, therefore it is expedient. We are not entitled to a judgment about "highest expediency". We can therefore at most infer a reason, but have no right to call it a higher or lower one."