This monograph applies performance theory to rock paintings in the Stormberg mountains of South Africa's Eastern Cape Province-a rich rock art area to the southwest of the Drakensberg mountains. The Stormberg's rock paintings offer a unique opportunity to develop a novel set of theoretical ideas in relation to rock art sites.The research draws on performance theory to argue that an extinct rock painting practice was, in many respects, similar to San (Bushman) performances recorded in documentary sources and ethnographies. This approach helps us to better understand the nature of hunter-gatherer rock art at both regional and site-specific scales. The performances in which rock art images participated were not isolated, but instead belonged to an irreducible aggregate of interrelating performances that constituted society itself.