Travel medicine is accepted as a unique subspecialty in medicine. With more persons traveling to tropical and subtropical destinations, travel medicine is becoming an increasing challenge for the health care systems in many countries. New trends in tourism, such as trekking in sub-Saharan Africa, expose tourist travelers to unusual parasitic diseases. The global public health community has been confronting the challenges of the emergence and rapid worldwide spreading of new influenza virus strains, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), chikungunya virus, drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and many other pathogens. The present book provides an epidemiologic based country-to-country guide to disease prevention and treatment; information on endemic diseases; necessary prevention guidelines, public health indicators, and an update of recent disease outbreaks.