Providing reliable wastewater services and safe drinking water is a highly energy-intensive activity in the United States. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) estimated, that the energy demand for the water and wastewater industry would be approximately 75 billion kilowatt hours per year, or about 3 percent of the electricity consumed in the United States. The Consortium for Energy Efficiency now estimates the annual energy usage at approximately 100 billion kWh per year. This book explores the energy conservation measures (ECMs) and energy management strategies being developed at many wastewater facilities across the United States. Improving the energy efficiency of America's drinking water and wastewater systems by 10 percent could save more than 10 billion kWh each year, representing a cost savings of approximately $750 million annually.