Biodegradation refers to the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and constitutes an important part of waste management, environmental protection, and more. This book includes four chapters that provide different perspectives on the importance of biodegradation using new research. Chapter One presents a comprehensive discussion of biodegradable implants, emphasizing the important features of biodegradable Mg-based and Fe-based systems and their recent developments. Chapter Two explores case studies on the reutilization of fishery waste to gain a better understanding of biodegradation in the production of biofertilizer and bioactive compounds. Chapter Three reviews information about studies performed in order to develop bioremediation strategies using fungi or microbial consortia to diminish chemical herbicides residues in soil. Lastly, Chapter Four describes green synthesized and biologically synthesized nanoparticles and their role in remediation and gives insight into a recently emerged, novel method that makes use of nano-bio composite in dye remediation.