A bilingual English/Welsh book comprising evidence submitted by Plaid Cymru to the Independent Commission on the Constitutional Future of Wales in October 2022. It has three main components. First, it explains why the present devolution arrangements cannot last, and why unionist alternatives such as federalism, which would require major change to the governance of England, will not work. Secondly, by providing new research on the fiscal deficit or gap in Welsh public finances – derived from a commissioned paper by Professor John Doyle of Dublin City University – it debunks the argument that Wales is too small and too poor to thrive as an independent nation. Thirdly, the evidence sets out proposals for a sovereign Senedd, in the form of a Free Association Wales, as an interim step on the way to to independence.